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Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly in the context of surgery and chemotherapy. Its administration before the surgical procedure, typically in the preoperative setting, is critical for optimal management of nausea and vomiting.

By giving Aprepitant preoperatively, it allows the medication to reach effective plasma concentrations before the patient undergoes anesthesia and surgery. This proactive approach contributes to improved outcomes by reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which can significantly enhance patient comfort and recovery times.

Administering the medication at the induction of anesthesia, postoperatively, or during recovery may not provide the same level of efficacy since these timing options do not allow sufficient time for the drug to take effect and relieve nausea and vomiting that may occur in the postoperative period.